安装 Python

April 04, 2018

• 参考
  • https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-python-2-7-6-and-3-3-3-on-centos-6-4

Installing Python from source

下载 Python

• Python2

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  wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/Python-2.7.6.tar.xz yum install xz-libs # Let's decode (-d) the XZ encoded tar archive: xz -d Python-2.7.6.tar.xz # Now we can perform the extraction: tar -xvf Python-2.7.6.tar

• Python3

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  wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.3.3/Python-3.3.3.tar.xz yum install xz-libs xz -d Python-3.3.3.tar.xz tar -xvf Python-3.3.3.tar

build

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./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
或者
make altinstall   # 不覆盖已有的python

配置

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export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"

使用 update-alternatives 进行多版本管理

• 参考
  • https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-change-from-default-to-alternative-python-version-on-debian-linux
  • https://packaging.python.org/guides/supporting-multiple-python-versions/

CentOS7 为例

1. 默认 Python 2.7.5

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   # rpm -ql python-2.7.5-34.el7.x86_64 /usr/bin/pydoc /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/share/doc/python-2.7.5 /usr/share/doc/python-2.7.5/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/python-2.7.5/README /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/python2.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/python2.7.1.gz

   1 2	# 查看 Python2.7.5 的执行文件和软链情况 ll /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python2.7

2. 编译 Python2.7.14 并安装

3. 配置 Python 2.7.14 为首选

   1 2	update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /opt/python/python2.7.14/bin/python2.7.14 2 update-alternatives --list

4. 迁移原有的 Python 2.7.5

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   mv /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2.7.5 rm /usr/bin/python2 mv /usr/bin/pydoc /usr/bin/pydoc2.7.5 ln -s /opt/python/python2.7.14/bin/pydoc /usr/bin/pydoc update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7.5 1

5. 修改yum

   CentOS的yum以来系统自带的 python2.7.5 ，修改yum配置文件(vi /usr/bin/yum) 来继续使用老的python。

   把文件头部的 #!/usr/bin/python 改成 #!/usr/bin/python2.7.5 保存退出即可。

安装 pip & virtualenv

1. 安装 setuptools

   Before installing pip, we need to get its only external dependency - setuptools.

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   wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-1.4.2.tar.gz tar -xvf setuptools-1.4.2.tar.gz cd setuptools-1.4.2 python2.7 setup.py install

2. 安装 pip

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# This will install it for version 2.7.6

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py | python2.7 -

1. 安装 virtualenv

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pip install virtualenv