debian-编译内核 / kernel

  1. 可以从 https://cdn.kernel.org/ 下载想要的内核。
    清华源： https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kernel/
  2. 下载 
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     curl -O -L https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.4.98.tar.xz
 curl -O -L https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.4.98.tar.sign
  3. 验证内核签名 
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     gpg --locate-keys torvalds@kernel.org gregkh@kernel.org
 unxz linux-5.4.98.tar.xz

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     # 使用 TOFU 信任对应的密钥
 ❯ gpg --tofu-policy good 647F28654894E3BD457199BE38DBBDC86092693E

 gpg: Setting TOFU trust policy for new binding <key: 647F28654894E3BD457199BE38DBBDC86092693E, user id: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@kernel.org>> to good.

 ❯ gpg --trust-model tofu --verify linux-5.4.98.tar.sign

 gpg: assuming signed data in 'linux-5.4.98.tar'
 gpg: Signature made 2021年02月13日 星期六 20时54分47秒 CST
 gpg:                using RSA key 647F28654894E3BD457199BE38DBBDC86092693E
 gpg: Good signature from "Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@kernel.org>" [full]
 gpg: gregkh@kernel.org: Verified 1 signatures in the past 0 seconds.  Encrypted
     0 messages.
  4. 解压源码 tar -xf linux-5.4.98.tar
  5. 安装编译工具 
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     sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses-dev bison flex libssl-dev libelf-dev fakeroot bc
  6. 配置编译 make menuconfig

  7. 编译
    make -j 参与的线程数目
    make -j 参与的线程数目 deb-pkg

    make deb-pkg 在源码目录的父目录产生 5个 deb 包:

    • linux-image-version that contains the kernel image and the associated modules
    • linux-headers-version which contains the header files required to build external modules
    • linux-firmware-image-version which contains the firmware files needed by some drivers (this package might be missing when you build from the kernel sources provided by Debian)
    • linux-image-version-dbg which contains the debugging symbols for the kernel image and its modules
    • linux-libc-dev which contains headers relevant to some user-space libraries like GNU glibc.
  8. 安装 kernel 的 deb 包 
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     sudo dpkg -i linux-image-5.4.182+_5.4.182+-1_amd64.deb

 Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-5.4.182+.
 (Reading database ... 304693 files and directories currently installed.)
 Preparing to unpack linux-image-5.4.182+_5.4.182+-1_amd64.deb ...
 Unpacking linux-image-5.4.182+ (5.4.182+-1) ...
 Setting up linux-image-5.4.182+ (5.4.182+-1) ...
 dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.182+:
 Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

 Building module:
 cleaning build area...
 'make' all KVER=5.4.182+..............
 cleaning build area...

 DKMS: build completed.

 8812au.ko:
 Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.4.182+/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/

 depmod...

 DKMS: install completed.

 Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

 Building module:
 cleaning build area...
 make -j10 KERNELRELEASE=5.4.182+ KVER=5.4.182+....
 cleaning build area...

 DKMS: build completed.

 wl.ko:
 Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.4.182+/updates/dkms/

 depmod...

 Backing up initrd.img-5.4.182+ to /boot/initrd.img-5.4.182+.old-dkms
 Making new initrd.img-5.4.182+
 (If next boot fails, revert to initrd.img-5.4.182+.old-dkms image)
 update-initramfs........

 DKMS: install completed.

 Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

 Building module:
 cleaning build area...
 'make' clean; 'make' -j10 KVER=5.4.182+ KSRC=/lib/modules/5.4.182+/build all; if [[ -x /usr/sbin/kmodsign ]]; then kmodsign sha512 MOK.priv MOK.der 8814au.ko; fi......
 cleaning build area...

 DKMS: build completed.

 8814au.ko:
 Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.4.182+/updates/dkms/

 depmod...

 DKMS: install completed.

 Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

 Building module:
 cleaning build area...
 'make' -j10 KVER=5.4.182+ USER_MODULE_NAME=rtl8821ce CONFIG_RTW_DEBUG=n.......
 cleaning build area...

 DKMS: build completed.

 rtl8821ce.ko:
 Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.4.182+/updates/

 depmod...

 DKMS: install completed.

 Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

 Building module:
 cleaning build area...
 'make' KVER=5.4.182+.................................
 cleaning build area...

 DKMS: build completed.

 8821cu.ko:
 Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.4.182+/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl8821cu/

 depmod...

 DKMS: install completed.
 .
 update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.182+
 I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/sda2
 I: (UUID=1c8a0cc0-57c6-4b27-a7fe-2829905df45b)
 I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
 VirtualBox Guest Additions: Building the modules for kernel 5.10.0-9-amd64.

 VirtualBox Guest Additions: Look at /var/log/vboxadd-setup.log to find out what 
 went wrong
 Generating grub configuration file ...
 Found theme: /boot/grub/themes/mx_linux/theme.txt
 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.10.0-9-amd64
 Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-9-amd64
 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.182+
 Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.182+
 Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
 done

  9. 查看 kernel的安装情况

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     dpkg --list | grep linux-image

  10. 重启系统，在grub 启动选项中 Advanced 中找到刚刚安装的新kernel，启动之。
    或者，直接修改grub从心kernel启动

    • 直接修改grub从新kernel启动

      1. 检查grub 菜单项 
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         sudo grep 'menuentry \|submenu ' /boot/grub/grub.cfg | cut -f2 -d "'"
      2. 根据grub菜单结构，修改 /etc/default/grub 的启动项
        GRUB_DEFAULT=0 改为 
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         GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-104-generic"
      3. 更新grub并重启 
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         sudo update-grub
 sudo reboot

    • 启动菜单选择从新kernel启动

      1. 将新kernel设置为默认kernel
        1. Add two lines to /etc/default/grub 
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           GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
 GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
        2. sudo update-grub
        3. sudo reboot
      2. 删除其他kernel 
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         sudo apt list --installed | grep linux-image
 sudo apt remove linux-image-xxx
 sudo update-grub
 sudo reboot

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BTF: .tmp_vmlinux.btf: pahole (pahole) is not available
Failed to generate BTF for vmlinux
Try to disable CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF
make[3]: *** [Makefile:1100: vmlinux] Error 1
make[2]: *** [debian/rules:6: build] Error 2
dpkg-buildpackage: error: debian/rules build subprocess returned exit status 2
make[1]: *** [scripts/Makefile.package:77: deb-pkg] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:1469: deb-pkg] Error 2
  1. Install the Linux kernel modules 
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    sudo make modules_install
sed: can't read modules.order: No such file or directory
make: *** [Makefile:1356: _modinst_] Error 2